The groups that resisted the betrayal of the working class by the Second International, and remained on an internationalist terrain during World War I, first came together at the Zimmerwald conference in 1915, followed by the Kienthal conference in 1916. Some of these groups, notably the Bolsheviks, were to provide the driving force behind the formation of the Third International
Zimmerwald and the centrist currents in the political organisations of the proletariat
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